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网信彩票骗局2023-01-31 16:05

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星系:黑洞你不讲武德!******

  近日,一个天文学家团队

  发现了一个独特的黑洞

  这个黑洞正向另一个星系

  喷出44万光年长的“口水”

  这一消息登上热搜

  不少网友表示疑惑

  黑洞不是可以吞噬一切吗?

  怎么还能“吐口水”?

  椭圆星系中形成恒星稀少之谜

  如果说恒星是宇宙中的居民,那么星系就是宇宙中的村落或城市。根据不同的形态,星系主要被分成三类:椭圆星系、螺旋星系和不规则星系,螺旋体有大量的冷气体和尘埃,并有光学上看起来像蓝色的旋臂。在螺旋星系中,平均每年有一颗类似太阳的恒星形成。另一方面,椭圆星系的颜色是黄色的,缺乏像旋臂那样的独特特征。

  图源:百度百科 椭圆星系

  图源:百度百科 螺旋星系

  就像人口并非均匀地分布于地球表面一样,这些宇宙城市和村落也是不均匀分布的。在螺旋星系中,平均每年都会产生一颗类似太阳的恒星。但在今天看到的椭圆星系中,数十亿年来没有产生任何恒星。为何在椭圆星系中恒星的产生会如此罕见?这对科学家来说一直是一个谜。

  “吐口水”的黑洞是“凶手”?

  一个天文学家小组在公民科学家的帮助下发现了这个独特的黑洞,它正在向另一个星系喷射火热的喷流,看起来像是在“吐口水”,这些喷流在星系中以极高的速度进行,耗尽了未来恒星形成所需要的冷气体和尘埃。

  图像来源:Ananda Hota博士,GMRT,CFHT,MeerKAT

  这表明,椭圆星系中形成恒星非常稀少的罪魁祸首或许就是这些大吐口水的黑洞。

  这个黑洞位于RAD12星系中,该星系距离地球约10亿光年。RAD12中的黑洞似乎只向一个邻近的星系喷出了射流,这个星系被命名为RAD12-B。在所有情况下,喷流都是成对喷出的,以相对论的速度向相反的方向运动。为什么只看到一个喷流来自RAD12,这对天文学家来说仍然是一个谜。

  黑洞还能喷东西?!

  编号Sh2-101的郁金香星云

  图片来源及版权:Peter Kohlmann

  这片发出微红色光芒的星云

  俗名为郁金香星云

  星际气体和尘埃组成了

  红色的花瓣

  它们受到附近年轻恒星的

  紫外光照耀而发光

  花朵右侧那片弯曲的小叶子

  就是黑洞喷流冲击形成的杰作

  事件视界望远镜解析的半人马座A星系中央黑洞的中心喷流

  图片来源:Radboud University; CSIRO/ATNF/I.Feain et al., R.Morganti et al., N.Junkes et al.; ESO/WFI; MPIfR/ESO/APEX/A. Weiss et al.; NASA/CXC/CfA/R. Kraft et al.; TANAMI/C. Mueller et al.; EHT/M. Janssen et al.

  黑洞因贪吃而闻名,但它们却不会将落向它们的东西全都吃掉。一小部分物质会以强烈热气体喷流的形式射出,并对周围环境造成破坏,这些热气体被称作等离子体。一路上,这种等离子体以某种方式获取足够的能量来强烈地发光,并沿着黑洞的旋转轴形成两个亮柱。科学家们一直在争论,喷流中的这一过程究竟是在哪里发生和如何发生的。

  黑洞的喷流是与黑洞周围的气体紧密相关的。要想产生喷流,首先黑洞周围要有足够的气体,这些气体形成一个气体盘,最后如果条件合适的话,那么部分的气体会在掉入黑洞的过程中,掉入到黑洞之前,沿着黑洞的转轴方向喷射出去,形成喷流。所以说喷流只是在特定情况下产生的,在宇宙当中,只有10%左右的超大质量黑洞才会产生黑洞喷流。

  END

  资料来源:中国国家天文、北京天文馆、国家空间科学中心、CNBeta、新疆科技馆

  整理:董小娴

中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

  中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。

  2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

  日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

  日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

  事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。

  因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。

  日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

  《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

  德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

  日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

  国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。

  太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。

  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

  By John Lee

  (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

  Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

  The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

  On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

  The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

  In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

  Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

  The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

  The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

  The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

  According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

  As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

  However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

  Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

  The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

  If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

 

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